National Atlas of Hungary

3. Society

4. Economy

National Atlas of Hungary
Volume 3 – Society

Károly Kocsis (Editor-in-Chief) 2021. National Atlas of Hungary – Society. Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Geographical Institute, Budapest.

The National Atlas of Hungary (MNA) was first published in 1967, and a second edition followed in 1989. Published in both Hungarian and English, this third edition of the National Atlas presents, in four volumes, the dynamic spatial structure of nature, society and the economy in Hungary and – wherever the required data are available – in the broader Carpatho–Pannonian Area. In the spirit of open access, the printed version is complemented by a complete, searchable version online (e-MNA at www.nationalatlas.hu).

A national atlas is the given country’s ‘identity card,’ one of its most significant national symbols in addition to its flag, coat of arms and national anthem. It is usually a series of maps complemented with textual explanations and various illustrations, which show the given state’s natural, economic and social features through logically and proportionally constructed maps using a well-defined scale and fairly uniform cartographic iconography.

The Society volume of the new Hungarian National Atlas focuses on Hungary’s society, offering an overview of the spatial dynamics of the population and exploring historical roots. Several chapters analyse the interconnections and interactions between the human and natural environments (e.g. the human side of living conditions and quality of life, housing conditions and the municipal environment). The thematic maps inform about such diverse topics as fertility, live births out of wedlock, life expectancy, the main causes of death, resident foreigners, the cross-border migration of Hungarians, daily commuting abroad, ageing, marriage, divorce, cohabitation, ethno-linguistic structure, religiosity, educational level, unemployment, income inequalities, suburbanisation, the types and dynamics of urban and rural settlements, the changing face of Budapest and its agglomeration, hospital care, social welfare, the first year of Covid-19, inter-net use, housing conditions, the housing market, road accidents and crime.

On behalf of the several hundred contributors, we express hope that readers in Hungary and abroad will enjoy the pleasures and benefits of browsing the printed atlas or its online version. We trust that it will assist an understanding of society in Hungary and the Carpatho–Pannonian Area.

Bibliographic information

Károly Kocsis (Editor-in-Chief) 2021. National Atlas of Hungary – Society. Budapest, CSFK Geographical Institute. 191 p.

ISBN 978-963-9545-64-9 (volume)
ISBN 978-963-9545-58-8ö (whole set of volumes)

The book is under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) international license.

How to cite?

Cite the whole book:

Kocsis, K. (Editor-in-Chief) 2021. National Atlas of Hungary – Society. Budapest, CSFK Geographical Institute. 191 p.
Cite a chapter (sample):

Dövényi, Z., Kovács, Z., Kincses, Á., Bálint, L., Egedy, T. 2021. Migration. In: Kocsis, K. (Editor-in-Chief): National Atlas of Hungary – Society. Budapest, CSFK Geographical Institute. pp. 44-57.

Content

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Author: Károly Kocsis

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Ed. Károly Kocsis
Author: Károly Kocsis
Pages 13-15

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Eds. Péter Őri, Károly Kocsis
Authors: Péter Őri, Károly Kocsis, Tamás Faragó, Pál Péter Tóth
Pages 16-21

Subchapters:
From the 10th century to the end of the 15th century
From the beginning of the 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century
From the beginning of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century

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Ed. Károly Kocsis
Author: Károly Kocsis
Pages 22-31

Subchapters:
Changes in population
    Between 1910 and 1950
    Between 1950 and 1990
    Since 1990
Spatial distribution and density of population
    Between 1910 and 1990
    Since 1990

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Eds. Károly Kocsis, Lajos Bálint
Authors: Károly Kocsis, Lajos Bálint, Zsuzsanna Makay, Lívia Murinkó, Péter Őri, András Wéber
Pages 32-43

Subchapters:
Natural change of population in the last century
Fertility trends, a change in the fertility model
Relationship changes: marriages, registered partnerships, births outside marriage
Life prospects
Causes of death
Natural increase, decrease

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Eds. Zoltán Dövényi, Zoltán Kovács
Authors: Zoltán Dövényi, Zoltán Kovács, Áron Kincses, Lajos Bálint, Tamás Egedy
Pages 44-57

Subchapters:
International migration in the Carpathian Basin
Hungary in the currents of international migration
    A glance at the past
    International migration in the shadow of the Iron Curtain
    From a country of origin to a receiving country once more
    People from Hungary who have moved abroad
    Asylum seekers, refugees, protected and admitted people
Internal migration
    Suburbanisation
Commuting
    History of commuting
    Spatial structure of commuting
    Crisis areas with low rates of commuting and high rates of unemployment
    Main directions of commuting abroad: West
    Traditional and new forms of commuting

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VI. 1. Sex and age composition

Eds. Károly Kocsis, Laura Szabó
Authors: Károly Kocsis, Laura Szabó, Dóra Gábriel, László Kulcsár, Csilla Obádovics
Pages 58-63

Subchapters:
Population structure according to sex
Age composition of the population

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VI. 2. Marital status and households

Eds. Laura Szabó, Károly Kocsis
Authors: Laura Szabó, Károly Kocsis, Gabriella Branyiczkiné Géczy, Zsuzsanna Makay, Judit Monostori
Pages 64-69

Subchapters:
20th century: the heyday of marriage, then the decline of its popularity and the rise of single-person households
Marriages and divorces recently and today
Emergence of new types of relationships
Spatial differences of marriage habits
Structure of households

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VI. 3. Ethnicity, language

Eds. Károly Kocsis, Patrik Tátrai
Authors: Károly Kocsis, Patrik Tátrai
Pages 70-77

Subchapters:
Ethnic processes over the last century
Current ethnic-linguistic spatial structure

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VI. 4. Religion

Ed. Károly Kocsis
Authors: Károly Kocsis, Patrik Tátrai
Pages 78-83

Subchapters:
Religion over the last century
Current spatial structure of religions

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VI. 5. Educational structure

Ed. Zoltán Dövényi
Author: Zoltán Dövényi
Pages 84-87

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VI. 6. Economic activity

Ed. Zoltán Dövényi
Author: Zoltán Dövényi
Pages 88-95

Subchapters:
Basic terms and categories
Economically active population
    Employment
    Employment structure
    Unemployment
Economically inactive population

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VI. 7. Social stratification

Ed. Lajos Boros
Authors: Lajos Boros, János Pénzes, Ferenc Gyuris
Pages 96-101

Subchapters:
Studying social stratification
Trends in Hungary
Social groups in favourable or improving conditions
Poverty and disadvantageous conditions
Responses in development policy

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Ed. Pál Beluszky
Authors: Pál Beluszky, Péter Bajmócy, Ferenc Jankó
Pages 102-107

Subchapters:
From the 10th century until the end of the 15th century
From the beginning of the 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century
From the beginning of the 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century

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Eds. Pál Beluszky, Zoltán Kovács
Authors: Pál Beluszky, Zoltán Kovács
Pages 108-115

Subchapters:
Changes in the settlement system in the Carpathian Basin after World War I
Settlement system of the Carpathian Basin by population size
Settlement system of Hungary
Settlements and public administration

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Eds. Zoltán Kovács, Pál Beluszky
Authors: Zoltán Kovács, Pál Beluszky, Géza Tóth, Tamás Egedy
Pages 116-127

Subchapters:
Changes of the urban system in the Carpathian Basin
Population dynamics of cities
Urban hierarchy
Types of cities after World War II
Types of cities today
Development dynamics of cities
Morphological characteristics of cities
Distribution of some high-rank institutions in the urban system
Agglomerations
Creative cities

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Eds. Zoltán Kovács, Zoltán Dövényi
Authors: Zoltán Kovács, Zoltán Dövényi
Pages 128-139

Subchapters:
Urban structure
Population
    Population size and density
    Age structure, household composition
    Ethnicity, religion
    Level of education, employment
    Social characteristics
Housing market
    Age structure of the housing stock
    Housing tenure, number of rooms
    Housing conditions, residential mobility, urban renewal
Budapest agglomeration
    Historical development and spatial structure of the agglomeration
    Society in the agglomeration
    Housing market of the agglomeration

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Eds. Péter Bajmócy, Pál Beluszky, ♰Bálint Csatári
Authors: Péter Bajmócy, Pál Beluszky, Jenő Zsolt Farkas, ♰Bálint Csatári
Pages 140-149

Subchapters:
Rural settlements and agriculture
Types of villages
    Service provision in villages
    Dynamics of villages
    Functions of villages
    Service provision in areas with tiny villages - the districts of Lenti and Letenye
Outskirts, scattered settlements
Complex types of villages, rural landscapes
    Complex types of villages
    Rural landscapes
Villages in focus

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XII. 1. Human side of living conditions and quality of life

Ed. Viktor Pál
Authors: Viktor Pál, Annamária Uzzoli, Lajos Boros, Szabolcs Fabula, András Trócsányi, Gábor Nagy, Gábor Pirisi, Tamás Kovalcsik
Pages 150-159

Subchapters:
Health and quality of life
    Health conditions of the population
    Health risks - lifestyle, health behaviour
    Health culture - subjective well-being and use of the healthcare system
    Covid-19 pandemic
Income, consumption and quality of life
    Sources of spending
    Household expenditure and consumption
Literacy, consumption of culture
Our digital world - access, use and well-being

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XII. 2. Settlement side of living conditions and quality of life

XII.
2. 1. Housing conditions

Eds. Zoltán Kovács, Judit Székely
Authors: Zoltán Kovács, Judit Székely
Pages 160-169

Subchapters:
Housing conditions in the Carpathian Basin
Housing stock of Hungary in space and time
Dwelling size, residential density, housing quality
Processes in the housing market

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XII. 2. Settlement side of living conditions and quality of life

XII.
2. 2. Municipal environment

Ed. Viktor Pál
Authors: Viktor Pál, Lajos Boros, András Trócsányi, Annamária Uzzoli, Gyula Nagy, Tamás Kovalcsik, Péter Szilassi, Tamás Gál, Ágnes Gulyás, Gábor Pirisi, Gábor, Zsófia Ilcsikné Makra, Gábor Lados
Pages 170-175

Subchapters:
Natural elements of a municipal environment
Municipal infrastructure
Supply and accessibility to services
Security

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